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Role of protein kinase C and oxidative stress in interleukin‐1β‐induced human proximal tubule cell injury and fibrogenesis
Author(s) -
VESEY DAVID A,
CHEUNG CATHERINE,
ENDRE ZOLTAN,
GOBÉ GLENDA,
JOHNSON DAVID W
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
nephrology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1440-1797
pISSN - 1320-5358
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00363.x
Subject(s) - fibronectin , oxidative stress , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , protein kinase c , nadph oxidase , cytokine , endocrinology , kinase , biochemistry , chemistry , extracellular matrix , biology
SUMMARY: Background: Interleukin (IL)‐1β, a pro‐inflammatory macrophage‐derived cytokine, is implicated as a key mediator of interstitial fibrosis and tubular loss or injury in progressive renal insufficiency. This study investigates some of the mechanisms of action of IL‐1β on the proximal tubule. Methods: Confluent cultures of primary human proximal tubule cells (PTC) were incubated in serum‐free media supplemented with either IL‐1β (0–4 ng/mL), phorbol‐12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA, protein kinase C activator) (6.25–100 nmol/L), or vehicle (control), together with a non‐specific protein kinase C inhibitor (H7), a specific protein kinase C inhibitor (BIM‐1), an anti‐oxidant (NAC) or a NADPH oxidase inhibitor (AEBSF). Results: Interleukin‐1β‐treated PTC exhibited time‐dependent increases in fibronectin secretion (ELISA), cell injury (LDH release) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) release (Griess assay). Proximal tubule cell DNA synthesis (thymidine incorporation) was also significantly suppressed. The effects of IL‐1β, which were reproduced by incubation of PTC with PMA (6.25–100 nmol/L), were blocked by H7 but not by BIM‐1. The anti‐oxidant (4 mmol/L) partially blocked IL‐1β‐induced fibronectin secretion by PTC, but did not affect IL‐1β‐induced LDH release, RNS release or growth inhibition. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor (AEBSF) significantly attenuated all observed deleterious effects of IL‐1β on PTC. Conclusion: Interleukin‐1β directly induces proximal tubule injury, extracellular matrix production and impaired growth. The anti‐oxidant, NAC, appears to ameliorate part of the fibrogenic effect of IL‐1β on PTC through mechanisms that do not significantly involve protein kinase C activation or nitric oxide release.