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Long‐term prognosis of cirrhotics with an upper gastrointestinal bleeding episode: Does infection play a role?
Author(s) -
Vlachogiannakos Jiannis,
Sklavos Pantelis,
Viazis Nikos,
Manolakopoulos Spilios,
Markoglou Costas,
Kougioumtzian Anastasios,
Triantos Christos,
Theodoropoulos Jiannis,
Raptis Sotirios,
Karamanolis Dimitrios G
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.214
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1440-1746
pISSN - 0815-9319
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05331.x
Subject(s) - medicine , upper gastrointestinal bleeding , antibiotics , hepatocellular carcinoma , gastroenterology , liver transplantation , surgery , transplantation , endoscopy , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
Background and Aim: We evaluated the effect of infection on the short‐ and long‐term outcome of cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), in a series of patients not submitted to antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods: The cirrhotic patients hospitalized for UGIB were prospectively followed up until the last visit, death, or transplantation. A standard screening protocol was used for bacterial infection at admission. Results: In total, 205 patients were included in the study. Antibiotics were administered in 79 (38.5%) patients and an infection was documented in 64 (31.4%) patients. In total, 130 (63.4%) patients died after a mean (SD) follow up of 23.8 (30.9) months. Six‐week mortality was higher in the infected patients ( P < 0.0001). The mortality of patients who were alive 6 weeks after admission was not different between the infected and non‐infected patients. Antibiotic use or bacterial infection, the Child–Pugh score, hepatocellular carcinoma, and creatinine were the independent predictors of 6‐week mortality. Age and the Child–Pugh score were the only predictors of mortality of the patients who had survived for more than 6 weeks after acute bleeding. In total, 51 (24.9%) patients rebled, 37 (18.1%) within 5 days of admission. Rebleeding was more frequent (41.8% vs 14.3%, P < 0.0001) in infected patients, mostly due to differences in early rebleeding (31.6% vs 9.5%, P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Bacterial infection is associated with failure to control UGIB and early mortality in cirrhotic patients, but does not seem to affect the outcome of patients who overcome the bleeding episode.