Premium
Retinoic acid is a negative physiological regulator of N‐cadherin during early avian heart morphogenesis
Author(s) -
Romeih Mahmoud,
Cakstina Inese,
Zile Maija H.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
development, growth and differentiation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.864
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1440-169X
pISSN - 0012-1592
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2009.01134.x
Subject(s) - retinoic acid , cadherin , morphogenesis , regulator , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , master regulator , medicine , chemistry , biochemistry , gene , transcription factor , cell
The vitamin A‐deficient (VAD) early avian embryo has a grossly abnormal cardiovascular system that is rescued by treating the embryo with the vitamin A‐active form, retinoic acid (RA). Here we examine the role of N‐cadherin (N‐cad) in RA‐regulated early cardiovascular morphogenesis. N‐cad mRNA and protein are expressed globally in the presomite through HH14 normal and VAD quail embryos. The expression in VAD embryos prior to HH10 is significantly higher than that in normal embryos. Functional analyses of the N‐cad overproducing VAD embryos reveal N‐cad involvement in the RA‐regulated cardiovascular development and suggest that N‐cad expression may be mediated by Msx1 . We provide evidence that in the early avian embryo, endogenous RA is a negative physiological regulator of N‐cad. We hypothesize that a critical endogenous level of N‐cad is needed for normal early cardiovascular morphogenesis to occur and that this level is ensured by stage‐specific, developmentally regulated RA signaling.