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ADP‐Ribosylation of Histones in Nuclei Isolated from Embryos of the Sea Urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
Author(s) -
Furuya Shigehisa,
Kamata Yasuyuki,
Yasumasu Ikuo
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
development, growth and differentiation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.864
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1440-169X
pISSN - 0012-1592
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1994.00103.x
Subject(s) - hemicentrotus , histone , sea urchin , adp ribosylation , chromatin , embryo , biology , gastrulation , microbiology and biotechnology , histone h3 , nad+ kinase , chemistry , biochemistry , embryogenesis , dna , enzyme
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) of a histone fraction isolated from nuclei of embryos of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus exhibited almost all histone species at all stages examined. At the gastrula stage, a spot of H1A became evident and three spots closely associated with one another were found in place of a single spot of H2A.1. In the histone fraction isolated from [adenylate‐ 32 P] NAD + ‐treated nuclei of all stages examined, autoradiograms of 2D‐PAGE exhibited spots of mono [ADP‐ribosyl] ated H1 and polymodified H2B.2, H3.1, H3.3 and H4 but did not show ADP‐ribosylated H2A.1, H2A.2 or H2B.1. Poly [ADP‐ribosyl] ated H3.2, found in morulae, was not detectable in blastulae and gastrulae. Treatment with dimethylsulfate, known to activate ADP‐ribosylation in other cell types, induced poly [ADP‐ribosyl] ation of H2A.2 and H2B.1 in embryos at all stages examined, and also polymodification of H3.2 in gastrulae. ADP‐ribosylation of H1, H2B.2, H3.1 and H3.3 was hardly affected by dimethylsulfate treatment, though modification of H4 was blocked by this treatment. Probably, strong regulation of ADP‐ribosyltransferase reactions causes failures of modification of H2A.2 and H2B.1 throughout early development and also of H3.2 at the gastrula stage. Regulation of histone ADP‐ribosylation is thought to alter chromatin structures and the rate of gene expression, contributing to cell differentiation.