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Regulation of growth factors‐associated cell migration by C‐phycocyanin scaffold in dermal wound healing
Author(s) -
Madhyastha Harishkumar,
Madhyastha Radha,
Nakajima Yuichi,
Omura Sayuri,
Maruyama Masugi
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1440-1681
pISSN - 0305-1870
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05627.x
Subject(s) - wound healing , downregulation and upregulation , chemistry , cell growth , transforming growth factor , growth factor , cytokine , microbiology and biotechnology , cell migration , western blot , andrology , cell , endocrinology , immunology , biology , biochemistry , gene , medicine , receptor
Summary 1. The present study examined the role of C‐phycocyanin (C‐pc) in relation to growth factors and cell migration during wound healing. 2. Histological and biochemical studies showed that C‐pc scaffold significantly ( P < 0.01) increased hydroxyl proline, total hexamine and protein content, and decreased uronic acid content in the wound tissues during a time course study in newly formed skin. 3. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array of mouse growth factors in wound tissue showed overexpression (up to 10‐fold) of growth factors, such as Cxcl12, Fgf18, Lefty 1, Lefty 2, Rabep 1 and Zip91, and downregulation (up to −10‐fold) of Amh, Bmp 7 and Nodal genes in a 6‐day period in C‐pc treated groups. Also, Csf 3, Fgf 22, Mdk, Igf 2, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐α 1 and interleukin (IL)‐1β showed an upregulation of more than 30‐fold than the control groups. TGF‐β subfamily cytokine growth factors, such as Bmp 2, 4 and 8b, and other growth factors, such as Cxcl 1, showed the highest activity on day 3, showing a transient type of regulation. Western blot analysis showed a positive correlation between gene activity and protein expressions of Bmp 8b, Bmp4, Bmp2 and Cxcl 1. Day 6 in the C‐pc group showed the highest csf3 and IL‐1β expression. 4. C‐pc had no direct effect on keratinocyte migration. However, keratinocytes that were co‐cultured with fibroblasts showed a significantly higher rate of migration in the presence of C‐pc, showing an indirect effect of C‐pc on keratinocyte migration. 5. In conclusion, biodegradable C‐pc scaffold might help to serve as an alternate scaffold material for wound healing.