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SLEEP AND METABOLIC CONTROL: WAKING TO A PROBLEM?
Author(s) -
Trenell Michael I,
Marshall Nathaniel S,
Rogers Naomi L
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1440-1681
pISSN - 0305-1870
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04541.x
Subject(s) - sleep (system call) , medicine , sleep restriction , obesity , endocrinology , diabetes mellitus , insulin , ageing , type 2 diabetes , sleep deprivation , metabolic syndrome , hormone , appetite , disease , metabolic control analysis , testosterone (patch) , circadian rhythm , computer science , operating system
SUMMARY1 The aim of the present review is to outline: (i) the association between sleep and metabolism; (ii) how sleep duration influences the development of disease; and (iii) how sex differences, ageing and obesity may potentially influence the relationship between sleep, metabolic control and subsequent disease. 2 Sleep is associated with a number of endocrine changes, including a change in insulin action in healthy young individuals. Sleep duration shows a prospective U‐shaped relationship with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. 3 Chronic sleep restriction is becoming more common. Experimental sleep restriction impedes daytime glucose control and increases appetite. 4 The sex hormones oestrogen and testosterone influence sleep duration and quality and may account for sex differences in the prevalence of sleep‐related disorders. 5 Ageing is associated with a decreased sleep duration, decreased muscle mass and impaired insulin action. 6 Obesity impairs insulin action and is associated with the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. 7 Sleep plays an integral role in metabolic control. Consequently, insufficient sleep may represent a modifiable risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes. The challenge ahead is to identify how sex differences, ageing and obesity could potentially influence the relationship between sleep and metabolism.