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EXTENT OF RENAL EFFECT OF CYCLO‐OXYGENASE‐2‐SELECTIVE INHIBITORS IS PHARMACOKINETIC DEPENDENT
Author(s) -
Harirforoosh Sam,
AghazadehHabashi Ali,
Jamali Fakhreddin
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1440-1681
pISSN - 0305-1870
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04464.x
Subject(s) - rofecoxib , meloxicam , celecoxib , pharmacokinetics , pharmacology , excretion , kidney , chemistry , renal physiology , medicine , endocrinology , cyclooxygenase , biochemistry , enzyme
SUMMARY1 Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause renal side‐effects. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the extent of the renal effects of cyclo‐oxygenase (COX)‐2‐selective NSAIDs is linked to their pharmacokinetics. 2 A single oral dose of rofecoxib (10 mg/kg), celecoxib (40 mg/kg), meloxicam (3 mg/kg) or placebo was administered to rats. Urinary excretion of electrolytes, a marker of renal effects, and plasma and kidney concentrations of NSAIDs were measured. Rofecoxib and celecoxib, but not meloxicam, significantly decreased urinary sodium and potassium excretion. There was a significant correlation between the area under the 24 h plasma concentration–time curve (AUC 0−24 ) of rofecoxib and the change in sodium ( r = –0.65; P < 0.02) and potassium ( r = –0.82; P < 0.0006) excretion. The AUC 0−24 of celecoxib was correlated with sodium ( r = – 0.80; P < 0.05) but not potassium excretion. The ratios of kidney to plasma drug concentrations were 1.72, 3.16 and 0.17 for rofecoxib, celecoxib and meloxicam, respectively. 3 The renal effect of the COX‐2‐selective NSAIDs examined, marked by their ability to reduce the excretion of electrolytes, is influenced by systemic exposure to the drugs. The relatively higher distribution into the kidneys of rofecoxib and celecoxib compared with meloxicam suggests involvement of direct drug exposure in the kidneys in the adverse renal effect.