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HIGH‐FAT FEEDING REDUCES ENDOTHELIUM‐DEPENDENT VASODILATION IN RATS: DIFFERENTIAL MECHANISMS FOR SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS?
Author(s) -
Song GuangYao,
Gao Yu,
Di YuWei,
Pan LiLi,
Zhou Yu,
Ye JiMing
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1440-1681
pISSN - 0305-1870
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04422.x
Subject(s) - endocrinology , medicine , unsaturated fat , saturated fat , chemistry , vasodilation , phenylephrine , endothelium , nitric oxide , unsaturated fatty acid , blood pressure , saturated fatty acid , endothelin 1 , fatty acid , biology , biochemistry , cholesterol , receptor
SUMMARY1 Chronic feeding with a high‐fat diet can cause metabolic syndrome in rodents similar to humans, but the role of saturated versus unsaturated fats in vascular tension remains unclear. 2 The present study shows that rats on a diet rich in either saturated or unsaturated fat had higher blood pressure compared with chow‐fed rats (approximately 130 vs 100 mmHg, respectively), along with hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance. Compared with responses of phenylephrine‐preconstricted artery segments from chow‐fed rats, vasorelaxation of isolated renal arteries from high‐fat fed rats was reduced substantially (> 50%) in response to acetylcholine (0.01–10 µmol/L) and moderately to nitroprusside ( 1 µmol/L) at low concentrations. Acetylcholine‐induced vasorelaxation of arteries from high‐fat fed rats was also more sensitive to inhibition by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors N G ‐nitro‐ l ‐arginine and methylene blue. 3 In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the production of NO and endothelin‐1 was significantly inhibited by unsaturated fatty acids. In comparison, saturated fatty acids stimulated endothelin‐1 production without altering NO production. 4 The data indicate that both saturated and unsaturated high‐fat feeding may result in an increase in blood pressure owing to reduced endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation in the arterial system. The impaired endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation induced by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids may involve different mechanisms.