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PATHWAYS LINKING RENAL EXCRETION AND ARTERIAL PRESSURE WITH VASCULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Author(s) -
Cowley Allen W.,
Roman R. J.,
Krieger J. E.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.752
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1440-1681
pISSN - 0305-1870
DOI - 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01371.x
Subject(s) - vascular resistance , medicine , vasa recta , blood pressure , kidney , endocrinology , renal physiology , renal blood flow , renal sodium reabsorption , renal function , reabsorption , natriuresis , diuresis , chemistry
SUMMARY 1. A brief review is presented which summarizes the role of the kidney in the long‐term regulation of arterial pressure and the mechanism whereby changes in body fluid volume can influence the function and structure of the systemic vasculature. 2. Studies indicate that the kidney detects changes of arterial pressure via changes of medullary blood flow which in the volume expanded state is poorly autoregulated. Elevations of renal arterial pressure raise vasa recta capillary pressure and renal interstitial fluid pressure, which in turn reduces tubular reabsorption of sodium and water. 3. The sensitivity of the pressure–diuresis relationship is controlled by renal sympathetic nerve activity and a variety of hormone and autocrine systems. 4. Evidence is also reviewed which shows that small changes of blood volume (5%) resulting from reduced renal excretion can acutely and chronically result in 25% increases of total peripheral resistance and arterial pressure. 5. Short‐term increases of vascular resistance are predicted by regional autoregulatory responses while long‐term elevations of vascular resistance appear to result from the structural changes of large vessel hypertrophy and microvascular rarefaction within skeletal muscle.