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Ultrasound and Endocrine Findings that Help to Assess the Risk of Late Embryo/Early Foetal Loss by Non‐Infectious Cause in Dairy Cattle
Author(s) -
LópezGatius F,
GarcíaIspierto I
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
reproduction in domestic animals
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.546
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1439-0531
pISSN - 0936-6768
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01620.x
Subject(s) - corpus luteum , pregnancy , early pregnancy loss , gestation , endocrine system , obstetrics , embryo , etiology , gynecology , fetus , abortion , biology , medicine , physiology , endocrinology , hormone , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology
Contents This report reviews the clinical applications of routine ultrasound in gestation control programmes for dairy herds. Emphasis is placed on identifying risks of late embryo/early foetal loss of non‐infectious cause by monitoring ovarian structures (as opposed to uterine contents), indicators of pregnancy loss and twin pregnancies. Suggestions are provided to appropriately manage a cow at risk of pregnancy loss during the late embryonic/early foetal period. This review identifies gaps in our current knowledge of the aetiology of pregnancy loss and spontaneous embryo/corpus luteum reduction. Two areas of the implantation–placentation window of gestation in particular need urgent attention: the roles in pregnancy loss of immune–endocrine interactions and the physiological status of the embryo/corpus luteum. The latter issue and consecutively endocrine interactions could be successfully addressed by incorporating Doppler ultrasonography into routine ultrasound procedures.