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Low‐Dose Insemination in Pigs: Problems and Possibilities
Author(s) -
Vazquez JM,
Roca J,
Gil MA,
Cuello C,
Parrilla I,
Caballero I,
Vazquez JL,
Martínez EA
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
reproduction in domestic animals
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.546
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1439-0531
pISSN - 0936-6768
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01183.x
Subject(s) - insemination , intrauterine insemination , artificial insemination , sperm , uterine horns , biology , andrology , gynecology , pregnancy , medicine , pregnancy rate , genetics
Contents Low‐dose AI procedures are required by the pig industry to efficiently utilize emerging sperm technologies, such as cryopreservation and sex‐sorting. Currently, several different procedures for inseminating with a low or very low number of spermatozoa have been described. Deep intrauterine insemination allows the deposition of the spermatozoa in the depth of the uterine horn, allowing a significant reduction in the number of spermatozoa inseminated with maintenance of optimal reproductive performance. Intra‐oviductal laparoscopic insemination has been recently applied in pigs. This technique has proved to be applicable with diluted and sex‐sorted spermatozoa. This review discusses several problems encountered during the development of deep intrauterine insemination and intra‐oviductal laparoscopic insemination of pigs and provides potential solutions for the practical application of both the technologies.