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Antimykoticum 5‐Fluorocytosin (Oral Antimycotic Agent, 5‐Fluorocytosine)
Author(s) -
Scholer H. J.
Publication year - 1970
Publication title -
mycoses
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.13
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1439-0507
pISSN - 0933-7407
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1970.tb01248.x
Subject(s) - cryptococcus neoformans , gynecology , candida albicans , aspergillus fumigatus , medicine , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , immunology
Zusammenfassung Das per os wirksame Antimykoticum 5‐Fluorocytosin (5‐FC; Versuchspräparat Ro 2–9915) zeigt in vitro ein selektives Wirkungsspektrum hauptsächlich gegen Hefen (z. B. Candida albicans und Cryptococcus neoformans ), Aspergillen (z. B. Aspergillus fumigatus ) und sogenannte Dematiaceen (mit Einschluß der Chromomykose‐Erreger). Septische Allgemeininfektionen der Maus mit C. albicans, Cr. neoformans und A. fumigatus werden sowohl durch subcutane als audi durch orale Gaben in verschiedenem Ausmaß günstig beeinfluß. Bei wiederholter oraler Verabreichung wird das Präparat von der Ratte relativ schlecht, vom Cebusaffen aber sehr gut vertragen (keine toxischen Wirkungen bei Tagesdosen von 400 mg/kg über 13 Wochen); dieser Unterschied wird damit erklärt, daß 5‐FC bei der Ratte teilweise zu 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) deaminiert wird, während beim Cebusaffen keine derartige Metabolisierung erfolgt. 5‐FC per os ist bisher an etwa 150 Patienten mit schweren Pilzerkrankungen klinisch geprüft worden. Das Präparat zeigte chemotherapeutische Wirksamkeit bei gewissen Formen von Candidiasis sowie bei Cryptococcose (einschließlich Cryptococcus‐Meningoencephalitis) und bei Chromomykose. Nach wahrscheinlich zu niedriger Dosierung (täglich 100 mg/kg oder weniger) kamen besonders bei Cryptococcose Rückfälle vor, die z. T. auf Resistenzentstehung zurückgeführt werden konnten. Die Verträglichkeit war selbst bei mehrwöchiger Verabreichung hoher Dosen (täglich 150–200 mg/kg oder mehr) im allgemeinen sehr gut. Auf Grund der bisherigen Untersuchungen findet beim Menschen keine Metabolisierung zu 5‐FU statt. Summary The oral antimycotic agent, 5‐fluorocytosine (5‐FC, Ro 2–9915) exhibits, in vitro , a selective spectrum of activity covering chiefly yeasts (e. g., Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans ), aspergilli (e. g., Aspergillus fumigatus ) and so‐called dematious fungi (including the agents of chromomycosis). The activity is in the first place fungistatic but also becomes fungicidal in nature when the time of contact is sufficiently long. 5‐FC has a beneficial effect on systemic infections in mice with C. albicans, Cr. neoformans and A. fumigatus when applied both subcutaneously and orally. At repeated oral application, tolerance was found to be comparatively poor in rats but excellent in cebus monkeys, which did not show any toxic manifestations at 400 mg/kg per day given for 13 weeks. This difference is explained by the fact that 5‐FC is partially deaminated to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in rats whereas no such metabolization occurs in cebus monkeys. The elimination half time of 5‐FC is only about 30 minutes in the mouse but 5 to 8 hours in man. The drug passes easily into the human spinal fluid after oral application. About 150 patients with severe fungus diseases have so far been treated with 5‐FC per os. The drug showed chemotherapeutic activity in certain forms of candidiasis as well as in cryptococcosis (including cryptococcus meningoencephalitis) and chromomycosis. At a dosage which was probably too low (100 mg/kg or less per day), relapses were encountered, chiefly in cryptococcosis, part of which could be attributed to induced resistance to the drug. Even at high, prolonged dosage (150–200 mg/kg or more per day for many weeks) tolerance was most often very good. According to our present knowledge, the drug is not metabolized to 5‐FU in man. In further clinical trials, the dosage schedule presently recommended for oral 5‐FC is 200 mg per kg and day, q. i. d., to be administered over 10 to 12 weeks for most indications. A 10% 5‐FC‐ointment is available for supplementary topical treatment, e.g. in chromomycosis. Intrathecal and intravenous application forms are in preparation. No patient should be treated unless the causative fungus has been proved to be sensitive to the drug. If the fungus can be isolated again during or after treatment, the sensitivity of the new isolate should be checked in order to exclude development of resistance. 5‐FC discs are available for the sensitivity tests.

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