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Pathogens of the bark beetle Ips cembrae : microsporidia and gregarines also known from other Ips species
Author(s) -
Holuša J.,
Lukášová K.,
Wegensteiner R.,
Grodzki W.,
Pernek M.,
Weiser J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of applied entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0418
pISSN - 0931-2048
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2012.01717.x
Subject(s) - biology , microsporidia , bark beetle , nosema , botany , sawfly , pest analysis , larch , bark (sound) , zoology , ecology , curculionidae , spore , larva
The objective of the current study was to identify pathogens of the large larch bark beetle, Ips cembrae , which is a secondary pest that has produced several local outbreaks across Europe in recent years. Beetles were collected from pheromone traps, trap trees and emergence traps ( Larix decidua ) during 2007 to 2011 at 10 study sites in central Europe. A total of 3379 mature and callow beetles were examined with a light microscope, and only two microsporidian pathogens [ Chytridiopsis typographi and a diplokaryotic microsporidium (probably Nosema sp.)] and two gregarines ( Gregarina typographi and Mattesia schwenkei ) were found. Within the I. cembrae populations, the infection rate for C. typographi ranged from 2 to 58%. Nosema sp. occurred in only two beetles in 2007 (at two study sites). G. typographi was recorded only in Austria and Croatia and only in 1–2% of the beetles in those countries. Mattesia schwenkei was observed solely in Croatia in 0.6% of the beetles in that country. Only one fungal pathogen in the genus Fusarium was found and only in two mature beetles (0.7%) in 2010. The pathogen species found during our study of I. cembrae were very similar to the pathogens previously identified for Ips typographus. No species‐specific pathogen was detected.