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Effects of bio‐pesticides on Eretmocerus warrae (Hym., Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci (Hom., Aleyrodidae)
Author(s) -
Kumar P.,
Whitten M.,
Thoeming G.,
Borgemeister C.,
Poehling H.M.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of applied entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0418
pISSN - 0931-2048
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2008.01282.x
Subject(s) - azadirachtin , aphelinidae , biology , abamectin , parasitoid , biopesticide , whitefly , meliaceae , toxicology , avermectin , bioassay , larva , spinosad , horticulture , emamectin , botany , pesticide , agronomy , ecology , anatomy
The sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (WF) can be controlled by two commercial neem products, NeemAzal‐T/S ® (1% azadirachtin) for foliar application, and NeemAzal‐U (17% azadirachtin) for soil application, alongwith two biorational products of microbial origin, Abamectin (avermectin) and Success ® (spinosad). Side effects of these products were tested in a laboratory bioassay against a native aphelinid, Eretmocerus warrae (EW). Eggs and early larval instars of the parasitoid, commonly found outside the host body, were highly susceptible to foliar spray of neem with only 8%, 18% and 55% emergences of adults from treated eggs. larval and pupal stages respectively at recommended dose‐rates of 5 ml/l and 1%, 8% and 40% at twice recommend dose‐rate (10 ml/l). Soil application with NeemAzal‐U marginally affected EW. At highest tested dose‐rate of 3.0 g/l, 46%, 64% and 81% emergence was recorded after treatement of plants harbouring WF parasitized by egg, larval and pupal stages of EW respectively. In contrast to neem application, Success ® and Abamectin caused high mortality in development stages of the parasitoids. In particular, abamectin was highly toxic to the parasitoids with less than 1% emergence from either of the three development stages if treated with 1–2 ml/l.