Premium
Über die in der Orientierungsphase der Borkenkäfer auftretenden Prinzipien 1
Author(s) -
Kangas E.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
zeitschrift für angewandte entomologie
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0418
pISSN - 0044-2240
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1974.tb03266.x
Subject(s) - bark (sound) , population , orientation (vector space) , bark beetle , pest analysis , selection (genetic algorithm) , biology , insect , reproduction , ecology , botany , mathematics , computer science , demography , geometry , artificial intelligence , sociology
Abstract Principles involved in the orientation of bark beetles . The complete reproductive process of forest insect pests breeding (“gebunden lebenden”) in bark and phloem (e.g. bark beetles) can be divided into three phases: orientation, attack, and the breeding phase including the establishment of larval galleries. Successful orientation, i.e. the selection of suitable breeding material, is essential for the reproduction of these species. The orientation, which precedes attack on the breeding material, is based on the relations and reactions between the pest species and the tree. The principles involved in the orientation reactions of pests (e.g. changes in reaction phases, optimal level of stimuli, and the threshold principle) are described with examples. The orientation which precedes an attack does not always lead to successful development of a new generation (e.g. because of reactions of living breeding material). If, after successful orientation, a specimen of the population attacks the breeding material and by producing population pheromones attracts other specimens to the same material, this is to be considered part of the attack phase.