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Einfluß eines variierten N‐Angebots auf α‐Amylase‐Aktivität, primäre Dormanz und Auswuchsresistenz von Weichweizen ( Triticum aestivum L.), Roggen ( Secale cereale L.) und Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack )
Author(s) -
Detje H.,
Geisler G.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
journal of agronomy and crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.095
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1439-037X
pISSN - 0931-2250
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-037x.1989.tb00708.x
Subject(s) - secale , triticale , sprouting , dormancy , biology , germination , falling number , agronomy , anthesis , endosperm , amylase , caryopsis , starch , horticulture , cultivar , botany , enzyme , food science , biochemistry
Influence of Varying N‐Fertilization Rates on α‐Amylase Activity, Primary Dormancy and Resistance to Pre‐Harvest Sprouting in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), Rye ( Secale cereale L.) and Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) Pre‐harvest sprouting, induced by unfavourable ecological conditions, can affect the grain growers success considerably. Positive correlations are reported between resistance to pre‐harvest sprouting and primary dormancy. Genotypes with a short dormancy period have a high pre‐harvest sprouting risk. In the case of a premature germination of caryopses in the head of grain a hydrolysis of intact starch granules caused by the endoenzyme α‐amylase takes place in the endosperm. Negative correlations between falling number and protein content are reported, however, it is unknown, if a varying N‐application influences pre‐harvest sprouting rates, dormancy periods and amylase activity. For this reason, both greenhouse and field trials were conducted with different N‐fertilization rates and (additional in the greenhouse) a rain simulation treatment. High amounts of α‐amylase a few days post anthesis are opposed to small enzyme activities in mature kernels. Stratificating temperatures and germination inducing precipitations at the same time are inducing pre‐harvest sprouting and a high α‐amylase activity especially in rye and triticale. It seems as if N‐deficiency reduces the possibility of pre‐harvest sprouting, on the other hand high N‐rates increase the enzymes' activity and promote germination processes in the kernel. Effects of N‐fertilization on dormancy are not known. In the discussion of reasons for an increase of α‐amylase activity in sprouted grain caryopses, changes in the relation of the phytohormones gibberellic acid (promoter of enzyme activities) and abscisine acid are mainly presumed.