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Moisture Stress Effects on the Yield and Water Use of Sorghum Hybrids and their Parents *
Author(s) -
O'Neill M. K.,
Hofmann W. C.,
Dobrenz A. K.
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
journal of agronomy and crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.095
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1439-037X
pISSN - 0931-2250
DOI - 10.1111/j.1439-037x.1987.tb00082.x
Subject(s) - sorghum , hybrid , loam , agronomy , water use efficiency , pan evaporation , evapotranspiration , moisture , water content , moisture stress , water potential , biology , irrigation , soil water , chemistry , ecology , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering
Little is known of the relationship between hybrids and parental material with respect to water use and drought resistance. Responses of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) F 1 hybrids to moisture deficits are partially determined by parental material. The yield and water use of six sorghum hybrids and their respective male and female parents were evaluated under stressed and well irrigated conditions during 1980 and 1981 at Tucson, Arizona. The soil was Comoro loamy sand (coarse‐loamy, mixed, calcareous, thermic typic Torrifluvent) with an average available soil moisture of 16 % at field capacity. Changes in soil moisture were monitored semi‐weekly by neutron modulation. Meteorological data were collected daily. The 1980 season had higher maximum temperatures and pan evaporation than the 1981 season. Differences in cumulative water use among entries were apparent within the same water treatments during 1981. Mean cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) for the stressed treatment was 248 and 281 mm for 1980 and 1981, respectively, and ET under well irrigated conditions was 419 and 528 mm for 1980 and 1981, respectively. Hybrids produced greater grain yield than their parents under both water treatments. This was due to greater seed number for hybrids. Seed numbers were more stable for hybrids over both treatments than for parents. Hybrids four and seven had the greatest grain yield in 1980 and 1981, respectively, under stressed conditions. Water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly different within water treatments but was not so between the irrigated and stressed treatments. Hybrids WUE was generally greater than that of parents except for hybrid five under irrigated conditions in 1981. Hybrids with WUE and stable yields were not necessarily reflective of parental material under stressed and non‐stressed environments.