Effects of simulated acid rain and ABS on leaf surfaces of some broadleaf seedlings

Leaves of London plane, chestnut, walnut, Italian alder and ailanthus were exposed to simulated acid rain (pH 3.5) with and without the addition of ABS, from the first opening of buds to the full growth of leaves. Examination in the SEM showed that the leaves were damaged by the solution, more if it contained ABS. Damage observed included alteration and disarticulation of the glandular hairs and trichomas, erosion and fusion of the epicuticular waxes with consequent occlusion of the stomata, and neoplastic formations in the mesophyll (“galls”). The degree of damage suffered also varied with the species.