Effect of Caffeine on Glucose‐Induced Inactivation of Gluconeogenetic Enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The mechanism of catabolite inactivation of three gluconeogenetic enzymes, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase and phospho enol pyruvate carboxykinase, has been studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The glucose‐induced inactivation of the three enzymes is remarkably retarded by pre‐incubation of the cells with different caffeine concentrations; however, a full conservation of activity has never been obtained, even at the highest drug concentration. Caffeine modifies the metabolic effects produced in the yeast cell by exposure to glucose. It reduces the consumption rate of glucose; changes the glycolytic intermediate pattern, giving rise to a crossover point at the level of the phosphofructokinase/fructose‐bisphosphatase cycle; and increases the ATP level and the energy charge. Moreover, it substantially reduces the peak of intracellular cAMP content that immediately follows glucose entry; the magnitude of this effect is dependent on the drug concentration. The effect on the change of intracellular cAMP level appears, among all metabolic effects determined by caffeine, the only plausible one to explain the interference with catabolite inactivation of enzymes. Actually a strong negative correlation between residual activity of each of the three investigated enzymes and intracellular cAMP level has been demonstrated. The existence of a common mechanism of action of cAMP, as the mediating factor for catabolite inactivation of all three enzymes, is proposed.