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The Rh Antigen D: Partial D Antigens and Associated Low Incidence Antigens
Author(s) -
Tippett P.,
LomasFrancis C.,
Wallace M.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
vox sanguinis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.68
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1423-0410
pISSN - 0042-9007
DOI - 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01309.x
Subject(s) - epitope , antigen , polyclonal antibodies , monoclonal antibody , monoclonal , biology , antibody , virology , immunology
Abstract The expression of the Rh antigen D varies quantitatively and qualitatively (partial D); published information and 15 years' work studying D variants are discussed in this review. D epitopes correspond to the reaction patterns of monoclonal anti‐D with partial D antigens. Partial D antigens can be reported in terms of their D epitopes but the epitope profile of cells with a quantitative variant of D (weak D) is difficult to determine reliably by haemagglutination tests. Nine partial D antigens, categories II‐VII, DFR and two not previously reported, are identified by their epitope profiles and by association with low incidence antigens. Monoclonal anti‐D recognize 16 D epitopes and more epitopes are anticipated. The specificities of polyclonal anti‐D made by people with partial D antigens are considered in terms of possible D epitope specificities: recognized epitope specificities, or combination thereof, were not able to account for all observed reaction patterns of anti‐D made by immunized individuals with partial D pheno‐types. An attempt is made to understand partial D antigens and their associated low incidence antigens in terms of the molecular genetic information available.