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Placental invasiveness and brain–body allometry in eutherian mammals
Author(s) -
ELLIOT M. G.,
CRESPI B. J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of evolutionary biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.289
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1420-9101
pISSN - 1010-061X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01590.x
Subject(s) - placentation , biology , allometry , offspring , placenta , fetus , evolutionary biology , evolution of mammals , brain size , zoology , physiology , pregnancy , ecology , gene , genetics , medicine , radiology , magnetic resonance imaging
Brain growth is a key trait in the evolution of mammalian life history. Brain development should be mediated by placentation, which determines patterns of resource transfer from mothers to fetal offspring. Eutherian placentation varies in the extent to which a maternal barrier separates fetal tissues from maternal blood. We demonstrate here that more invasive forms of placentation are associated with substantially steeper brain–body allometry, faster prenatal brain growth and slower prenatal body growth. On the basis of the physiological literature we suggest a simple mechanism for these differences: in species with invasive placentation, where the placenta is bathed directly in maternal blood, fatty acids essential for brain development can be readily extracted by the fetus, but in species with less invasive placentation they must be synthesized by the fetus. Hence, with regard to brain–body allometry and prenatal growth patterns, eutherian mammals are structured into distinct groups differing in placental invasiveness.