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Complementary sex determination in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis ( C. plutellae )
Author(s) -
DE BOER J. G.,
ODE P. J.,
VET L. E. M.,
WHITFIELD J.,
HEIMPEL G. E.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of evolutionary biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.289
H-Index - 128
eISSN - 1420-9101
pISSN - 1010-061X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01193.x
Subject(s) - biology , parasitoid wasp , nasonia vitripennis , locus (genetics) , zoology , ploidy , inbreeding , hymenoptera , sex ratio , parasitoid , genetics , population , demography , gene , pteromalidae , sociology
In the Hymenoptera, single locus complementary sex determination ( sl ‐CSD) describes a system where males develop either from unfertilized haploid eggs or from fertilized diploid eggs that are homozygous at a single polymorphic sex locus. Diploid males are often inviable or sterile, and are produced more frequently under inbreeding. Within families where sl ‐CSD has been demonstrated, we predict that sl ‐CSD should be more likely in species with solitary development than in species where siblings develop gregariously (and likely inbreed). We examine this prediction in the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia , which contains both solitary and gregarious species. Previous studies have shown that sl ‐CSD is absent in two gregarious species of Cotesia , but present in one gregarious species. Here, we demonstrate CSD in the solitary Cotesia vestalis , using microsatellite markers. Diploid sons are produced by inbred, but not outbred, females. However, frequencies of diploid males were lower than expected under sl ‐CSD, suggesting that CSD in C. vestalis involves more than one locus.