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Comparative Effects of Repeated and Prolonged Inhalation Exposure of Beagle Dogs and Cynomolgus Monkeys to Anaesthetic and Subanaesthetic Concentrations of Enflurane and Halothane
Author(s) -
Clark G. C.,
Kesterson J. W.,
Coombs D. W.,
Cherry C. P.,
Prentice D. E.,
Kohn F. E.
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.738
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1399-6576
pISSN - 0001-5172
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1979.tb05465.x
Subject(s) - halothane , enflurane , beagle , medicine , centrilobular necrosis , inhalation , anesthesia , necrosis
Male and female Beagle dogs and Cynoniolgus monkeys were exposed to anaesthetic (1.5 MAC) and subanaesthetic [1/100 MAC) levels of enflurane and halothane for 3 hours on alternate days for 4 weeks. One‐half of the animals were killed following the last exposure and the remainder after 4 weeks of recovery. The animals' condition was assessed during anaesthetic periods by measuring respiration, ECG, I)lood pressure, temperature and EEC:. Haematology, urinalysis and clinical chemistry parameters were evaluated. Gross and microscopic pathological examinations were conducted at the end of the exposure and recovery periods. Two female monkeys in the mid‐ and high‐dose halothane groups died during the study. No deaths were observed in the enflurane group. No quantitative diffcrences were observed in respiration rate, heart rate, blood pressure and KEG activity of animals anaesthetized with enflurane or halothane. Muscle twitches were observed in slome mid‐ and high‐dose dogs inhaling enflurane, but not in monkeys. A number of liver function tests became abnormal in mid‐ and high‐dose halothane‐treated dogs and high‐dose haiothane‐treated monkeys. This was not observed with enflurane. Histopathologic alterations were confined to the her of animals exposed to halothane. In dogs, the lesions were characterized by centrilobular hepatocyte degeneration and/or necrosis, fibrohlastic proliferation, hepatocyte enlargement, fat deposition and glycogen depletion; and in mid‐ and high‐dosc monkeys by moderate to marked hepatocyte vacuolation and fat deposition. Except for one highdose dog, these lesions were not seen in animals killed after 4 weeks of recovery. No histopathologic alterations were observed with enflurane.