Preface

An Interactive Intelligent System (IIS) is an intelligent system that interacts with the users, or audience at large, which is designed to interact more with the user rather than with computer systems. The system utilizes the capabilities to perceive, interpret, learn, plan, decide, as well as use natural language and also reason, which has been already developed by field of artificial intelligence. Many of these techniques have been matured enough by now for specific functions such as “pattern recognition” or “Internet searching”. It is difficult to understand interactive intelligent systems without examining the intelligent capabilities of machines as well as human interface. There are very less number of interactive intelligent systems used presently. One of them is “PlateMate”, a crowdsourcing nutrition analysis software, which allows users to take photos of their meals and receive estimates of food intake and composition from the photograph of foods. Accuracy of the prediction is depended on the information of the users for food logging via self-reporting, expert observation, and or algorithmic analysis. PlateMate crowdsources nutritional analysis from photographs using Amazon Mechanical Turk, automatically coordinating untrained workers to estimate a meal’s calories, fat, carbohydrates, and protein. Let us consider another example, a system that learns how to assist users in performing particular types of tasks, e.g., “SIRI”. It is a computer program that works as an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator of Apple IOS operating systems. It uses a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of Web services. The software adapts to the user’s individual language usage and individual searches with continuing use, and returns results that are individualized. In this case, while the system is learning, the users will in general also be learning: about the task itself, about the system and its learning, about how to act in such a way that the system learns more effectively. The research on interactive intelligent systems has so far focused either on the realization of the systems’ capabilities or on the cognitive processes and/or behavior of their users. The technical design which focuses only on the machine learning of the system or on that of the user interface has never understood the important