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Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of flax oil in pediatric bipolar disorder
Author(s) -
Gracious Barbara L,
Chirieac Madalina C,
Costescu Stefan,
Finucane Teresa L,
Youngstrom Eric A,
Hibbeln Joseph R
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
bipolar disorders
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.285
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1399-5618
pISSN - 1398-5647
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00799.x
Subject(s) - young mania rating scale , bipolar disorder , docosapentaenoic acid , placebo , medicine , eicosapentaenoic acid , population , randomized controlled trial , gastroenterology , alpha linolenic acid , arachidonic acid , mania , fatty acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , docosahexaenoic acid , lithium (medication) , chemistry , biochemistry , alternative medicine , environmental health , pathology , enzyme
Gracious BL, Chirieac MC, Costescu S, Finucane TL, Youngstrom EA, Hibbeln JR. Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of flax oil in pediatric bipolar disorder.
Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 142–154. © 2010 The Authors.
Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives: This clinical trial evaluated whether supplementation with flax oil, containing the omega‐3 fatty acid α‐linolenic acid (α‐LNA), safely reduced symptom severity in youth with bipolar disorder. Methods: Children and adolescents aged 6–17 years with symptomatic bipolar I or bipolar II disorder (n = 51), manic, hypomanic, mixed, or depressed, were randomized to either flax oil capsules containing 550 mg α‐LNA per 1 gram or an olive oil placebo adjunctively or as monotherapy. Doses were titrated to 12 capsules per day as tolerated over 16 weeks. Primary outcomes included changes in the Young Mania Rating Scale, Child Depression Rating Scale‐Revised, and Clinical Global Impressions‐Bipolar ratings using Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses. Results: There were no significant differences in primary outcome measures when compared by treatment assignment. However, clinician‐rated Global Symptom Severity was negatively correlated with final serum omega‐3 fatty acid compositions: %α‐LNA ( r = −0.45, p < 0.007), % eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ( r = −0.47, p < 0.005); and positively correlated with final arachidonic acid (AA) ( r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) n‐6 ( r = 0.48, p < 0.004). The mean duration of treatment for α‐LNA was 11.8 weeks versus 8 weeks for placebo; however, the longer treatment duration for α‐LNA was not significant after controlling for baseline variables. Subjects discontinued the study for continued depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Studies of essential fatty acid supplementation are feasible and well tolerated in the pediatric population. Although flax oil may decrease severity of illness in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder who have meaningful increases in serum EPA percent levels and/or decreased AA and DPA n‐6 levels, individual variations in conversion of α‐LNA to EPA and docosahexaenoic acid as well as dosing burden favor the use of fish oil both for clinical trials and clinical practice. Additionally, future research should focus on adherence and analysis of outcome based on changes in essential fatty acid tissue compositions, as opposed to group randomization alone.