Concurrent protracted febrile myalgia syndrome in a child with diabetic ketoacidosis

Familial M editerranean Fever ( FMF ), characterized by recurrent attacks of inflammation in predominantly serosal and synovial membranes, is caused by MEFV gene mutations resulting in abnormal pyrin. Protracted febrile myalgia syndrome ( PFMS ), a kind of vasculitis requiring corticosteroid treatment, is associated with M694V mutation of MEFV gene. Here, we report a case where the patient developed PFMS leading to the diagnosis of FMF concurrently at the time of treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA ) of new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus and discuss the possible mechanisms of simultaneous DKA and FMF ‐associated PFMS . DKA ‐associated cytokine release may be a predisposing factor or trigger for FMF ‐associated PFMS .