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Asthma and allergic symptoms and type 1 diabetes‐related autoantibodies in 2.5‐yr‐old children
Author(s) -
Wahlberg Jeanette,
Vaarala Outi,
Ludvigsson Johnny
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
pediatric diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.678
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1399-5448
pISSN - 1399-543X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00758.x
Subject(s) - medicine , type 1 diabetes , autoantibody , asthma , cohort , pregnancy , odds ratio , immunology , pediatrics , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , antibody , biology , genetics
Wahlberg J, Vaarala O, Ludvigsson J, for the ABIS Study Group. Asthma and allergic symptoms and type 1 diabetes‐related autoantibodies in 2.5‐yr‐old children. A dominance of Th2 cytokine pattern is associated with allergic diseases, whereas a Th1 pattern has been reported in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Th1/Th2 paradigm has led to the interest in the relationship between these diseases. To investigate the association between atopic diseases, asthma and occurrence of T1D‐related β‐cell autoantibodies in children, we studied 7208 unselected 2.5‐yr‐old children from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohort. The ABIS cohort includes 17 055 (78.3% out of all 21 700) children born from October 1997 to October 1999, and followed prospectively with regular biological samples and questionnaires, at birth, at 1 and 2.5 yr. Risk factors for development of β‐cell autoantibodies at the age of 2.5 yr were type of domiciliary, domestic animals (cat and dog) and getting a new brother/sister during first year of life. Maternal smoking during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) 1.6] and heavy smoking at home (>10 vs. ≤10 cigarettes) implied risk for tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies (IA‐2A) (OR 2.9). Wheezing during the first year of life implied risk for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) (OR 1.9) and double positivity for GADA and IA‐2A (OR 9.1). Rash on several locations (at least three times during 12 months) (OR 1.7) as well as allergic symptoms related to fur‐bearing animals (OR 2.7) implied risk for IA‐2A. Food allergy against egg, cow‐milk, fish, nuts/almonds (one or in combination) implied risk for GADA and IA‐2A (OR 4.5). In a regression model wheezing during first year of life remained as a risk factor for GADA [OR 2.0, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.8; p = 0.031] and both GADA and IA‐2A (OR 10.7, CI 3.9–29.4; p = 0.000). We conclude that allergic symptoms are associated with the development of T1D‐related autoantibodies during the first years of life.