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Influence of food intake, age, gender, HbA1c, and BMI levels on plasma cholesterol in 29 979 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes – reference data from the German diabetes documentation and quality management system (DPV)
Author(s) -
Schwab K Otfried,
Doerfer Jürgen,
Naeke Andrea,
Rohrer Tilman,
Wiemann Dagobert,
Marg Wolfgang,
Hofer Sabine E,
Holl Reinhard W
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
pediatric diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.678
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1399-5448
pISSN - 1399-543X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00469.x
Subject(s) - medicine , percentile , body mass index , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , cholesterol , type 2 diabetes , mathematics , statistics
Objective: We investigated influences of a 12‐h fast, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) to provide reference percentiles for TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C of patients with good diabetes control (HbA1c < 7.5%) and normal weight (BMI < 90th percentile). Method: A cross‐sectional analysis of the diabetes documentation and quality management system using the diabetes data acquisition system for prospective surveillance (DPV) software included 29 979 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) aged 1–20 yr (52.4% male) from 253 diabetes centers in Germany and Austria. Results: Fasting had no relevant influence on TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C. Multivariate regression analysis revealed strongest dependences of cholesterol on gender and HbA1c followed by BMI and age. Reference cholesterol percentiles of well‐controlled and normal weight patients showed TC ≥4.40 mmol/L (170 mg/dL) corresponding to the 50th percentile in females and the 75th percentile in males. LDL‐C ≥2.59 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) corresponded to the 50th–75th percentile in females and the 75th percentile in males. Conclusions: (i) Fasting is no precondition for the determination of TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C; (ii) TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C are strongest associated with gender and HbA1c followed by BMI and age; (iii) Gender‐ and age‐adjusted cholesterol percentiles of well‐controlled and normal weight patients with T1DM may serve as reference values and are similar to healthy German children; and (iv) Single target values for TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C based on healthy individuals’ data do not sufficiently characterize abnormal cholesterol levels in young patients with T1DM.