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Effect of glucose toxicity on intraportal tilapia islet xenotransplantation in nude mice
Author(s) -
AlJazaeri Ayman,
Xu BaoYou,
Yang Hua,
MacNeil Danielle,
Leventhal Joseph R.,
Wright James R.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
xenotransplantation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.052
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1399-3089
pISSN - 0908-665X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2005.00220.x
Subject(s) - islet , xenotransplantation , streptozotocin , histology , transplantation , medicine , diabetes mellitus , tilapia , ratón , nude mouse , andrology , endocrinology , biology , fish <actinopterygii> , cancer , fishery
Background: Discordant xenogeneic islets transplanted intraportally into athymic nude rats experience primary non‐function and are rapidly destroyed. Recently, it has been reported that adult porcine islets transplanted intraportally into nude mice are also rapidly destroyed and that this constitutes a new model for instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). Methods: Tilapia (fish) islets were harvested, mechanically broken into mammalian islet‐sized fragments, cultured for 48 h, and transplanted via the portal vein into athymic or euthymic mice. Results: There were several groups of recipient mice. Streptozotocin‐diabetic nude mice received 400 islets via the portal vein (n = 12). Recipients were killed when hyperglycemic (>200 mg/dl); livers and native pancreases were examined histologically. Mean graft survival time, based on function, was 5.4 ± 1.2 days; at autopsy, histology showed occasional viable islets. We also performed a group of transplants in non‐diabetic nude mice (n = 6) and then killed the recipients 2 or 4 weeks later; all had abundant viable, well‐granulated islet grafts based on histology. Therefore, the intraportal environs in nude mice are not incompatible with discordant fish islets; rather, it appears as if hyperglycemia adversely affects the intraportal islet grafts (i.e. ‘‘glucose toxicity’’). To test this hypothesis, transplants were performed into non‐diabetic nude mice and allowed to engraft for either 3 days (n = 6) or 10 days (n = 8) prior to injection of streptozotocin (200 to 220 mg/kg i.v.) to destroy the β ‐cells in the recipients’ native islets (n.b. tilapia islets are exceedingly resistant to streptozotocin); these recipients were followed for 28 days post‐transplantation (or until hyperglycemic) and then killed for histology. Mean graft function exceeded 25 days for both groups and viable well‐granulated, tilapia islets grafts were readily identified in all recipients; in all but one, the native pancreases were markedly β ‐cell depleted – confirming that normoglycemia was due to functional fish islet xenografts. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ‘‘glucose toxicity’’ plays a role in the immediate demise of intraportal tilapia islet xenografts.