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Mycobacterium kansasii pericarditis in a kidney transplant recipient: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Author(s) -
Cho J.H.,
Yu C.H.,
Jin M.K.,
Kwon O.,
Hong K.D.,
Choi J.Y.,
Yoon S.H.,
Park S.H.,
Kim C.D.,
Kim Y.L.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
transplant infectious disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.69
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1399-3062
pISSN - 1398-2273
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2012.00767.x
Subject(s) - medicine , mycobacterium kansasii , pericardial fluid , pericardial effusion , pericarditis , rifabutin , kidney transplantation , mediastinal lymphadenopathy , ethambutol , mycobacterium tuberculosis , tuberculosis , pathology , biopsy , transplantation , clarithromycin , helicobacter pylori
Mycobacterium kansasii is the second most common non‐tuberculous mycobacteria in kidney transplant recipients ( KTR s) and has been reported to cause disseminated infection in KTR s. We report the first case to our knowledge of M . kansasii pericarditis after kidney transplantation in a 54‐year‐old man. The patient was admitted with a 2‐month history of intermittent fever and myalgia, treated with oral prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil prior to admission. Chest computed tomography showed enlarged mediastinal lymph node and small amount of pericardial effusion. Mediastinoscopic biopsy of mediastinal lymph node revealed reactive hyperplasia, without evidence of granuloma, but acid‐fast bacilli stain of pericardial fluid reported positive finding and pericardial fluid culture identified M . kansasii . The patient has been treated successfully with rifabutin‐based combination therapy. All available cases of M . kansasii infection in kidney transplant patients and M . kansasii pericarditis in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients are comprehensively reviewed.