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Clostridium difficile colitis in cystic fibrosis patients with and without lung transplantation
Author(s) -
Theunissen C.,
Knoop C.,
hoff C.,
Byl B.,
Claus M.,
Liesnard C.,
Estenne M.J.,
Struelens M.J.,
Jacobs F.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
transplant infectious disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.69
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1399-3062
pISSN - 1398-2273
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00269.x
Subject(s) - medicine , cystic fibrosis , clostridium difficile , diarrhea , incidence (geometry) , lung transplantation , transplantation , colitis , gastroenterology , clostridium difficile colitis , population , surgery , optics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , antibiotics , physics , environmental health
Background. Despite a large carriage rate of Clostridium difficile among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, C. difficile‐ associated disease (CDAD) is rather rare. In case of lung transplantation, the incidence and clinical aspects of CDAD in this patient population are not well known. Methods. We reviewed the medical files of all CF patients who presented with symptomatic C. difficile infection from January 1998 to December 2004 and compared the incidence, clinical aspects, severity of disease, and clinical outcome between non‐transplanted and transplanted CF patients. Results. Between 1998 and 2004, 106 adult CF patients were followed at our clinic. Forty‐nine patients underwent lung transplantation; 15 before 1998 and 34 after 1998. The incidence density of CDAD was higher in transplanted CF patients as compared with non‐transplanted CF patients (24.2 vs. 9.5 episodes/100,000 patient‐days; risk ratio: 2.93 [1.41–6.08]; P =0.0044). Diarrhea was a very frequent feature, but was notably absent in 20% of the cases. Rates of moderate and severe colitis were similar in both groups. However, only transplanted patients developed complicated colitis. CT scan and endoscopy were performed more frequently in the transplant group. Two transplant recipients died because of CDAD. Conclusion. CF patients who undergo lung transplantation are at a higher risk of developing CDAD and seem to present more often atypical and/or complicated disease. CDAD should be part of the differential diagnosis in case of digestive symptoms, even in the absence of diarrhea, and requires early treatment.