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Membrane fluidity changes in embryogenic and non‐embryogenic cultures of Asclepias and Daucus in response to auxin removal
Author(s) -
Wilson K. J.,
Stillwell W.,
Maxam T.,
Baldridge T.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
physiologia plantarum
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.351
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1399-3054
pISSN - 0031-9317
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02957.x
Subject(s) - daucus carota , auxin , protoplast , somatic embryogenesis , biology , cell culture , membrane fluidity , botany , membrane , biochemistry , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , tissue culture , genetics , in vitro , gene
Significant differences in membrane fluidities, expressed as fluorescence anisotropies, are demonstrated between embryogenic (E) and non‐embryogenic (NE) cell lines when cells in suspension culture are removed from auxin. Cells of an E and NE cell line of Asclepias tuberosa were grown for 21 days either with or without 2, 4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D), cultures were sampled at various intervals and protoplast membrane (hydrophobic interiors) was labeled with 1, 6 diphenyl‐1, 3, 5‐hexatriene (DPH). No differences between cultures with and without 2,4‐D were detected in the NE line. In contrast the E line rapidly developed differences in membrane fluidity over time. Such clear differences in the responses of E and NE lines in membrane fluidity indicated that this parameter could be a good predictor and marker for embryogenesis. Eight suspension cell lines of Asclepias and 2 of Daucus carota were tested. After 2 days on medium without auxin, every E cell line exhibited a positive change in anisotropy and became embryogenic, whereas NE cell lines exhibited much lower positive changes or even negative changes in anisotropy and never underwent embryogenesis. Such changes have been consistent in all cell lines tested and represent a marker for embryogenicity in suspension cell lines before morphological change becomes apparent after removal from auxin. Basic molecular membrane changes in embryogenesis are likely to be common among different culture systems and understanding them could be a major step in removing barriers to regenerating plants from cultured material.