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Effects of Selected Herbicides on Plant Protoplasts
Author(s) -
BOULWARE MARGARET A.,
CAMPER N. DWIGHT
Publication year - 1972
Publication title -
physiologia plantarum
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.351
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1399-3054
pISSN - 0031-9317
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1972.tb01115.x
Subject(s) - protoplast , paraquat , trichloroacetic acid , lysis , trifluralin , chemistry , chromatography , membrane , simazine , urea , osmotic shock , biochemistry , biology , atrazine , pesticide , agronomy , gene
Plant protoplasts were released from immature tomato fruits by incubation with a 20% solution of polygalacturonase (Pectinol R‐10, Rhom & Haas) dissolved in 0.1 M KCl + 0.1 M MgCl 2 . In this salt solution the protoplasts remained stabilized for up to 8 h and were used as a source of exposed plasma membrane. Gross responses of protoplasts to selected chemicals and herbicides were recorded photomicroscopically. Paraquat (1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium ion) treatments resulted in a characteristic response which was different from that of general denaturants (trichloroacetic acid, ethanol, and detergents) and of osmotic shock. Initial phases of the paraquat response were characterized by a segregation of the cytoplasm into isolated areas on the inner membrane surface. The final phase was a rupture of the plasma membrane and collapse of the cell. The herbicides, 2,4′‐dinitro‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐diphenylether (preforan); 1,1‐dimethyl‐3‐(α,α,α‐trifluoro‐ m ‐tolyl)urea (fluometuron); 3‐(3‐chloro‐4‐bromophenyl)‐1‐methoxy‐1‐methylurea (chlorbromuron); and α,α,α‐trifluoro‐2,6‐dinitro‐ N‐N ‐dipropyl‐ p ‐toluidine (trifluralin) produced no apparent structural effect on the protoplasts.