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Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate indicate presence and severity of cystic fibrosis in children
Author(s) -
Robroeks Charlotte M. H. H. T.,
Rosias Philippe P. R.,
Van Vliet Dillys,
Jöbsis Quirijn,
Yntema JanBart L.,
Brackel Hein J. L.,
Damoiseaux Jan G. M. C.,
Den Hartog Gertjan M.,
Wodzig Will K. W. H.,
Dompeling Edward
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
pediatric allergy and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.269
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1399-3038
pISSN - 0905-6157
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00693.x
Subject(s) - exhaled nitric oxide , exhaled breath condensate , medicine , cystic fibrosis , nitric oxide , nitrite , gastroenterology , area under the curve , receiver operating characteristic , biomarker , immunology , asthma , nitrate , spirometry , chemistry , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Chronic airway inflammation is present in cystic fibrosis (CF). Non‐invasive inflammometry may be useful in disease management. The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to investigate: (i) the ability of fractional exhaled nitric oxide and inflammatory markers (IM) [exhaled breath condensate (EBC) acidity, nitrite, nitrate, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), 8‐isoprostane, Th1/Th2 cytokines] to indicate (exacerbations of) CF; and (ii) the ability of these non‐invasive IM to indicate CF disease severity. In 98 children (48 CF/50 controls), exhaled nitric oxide was measured using the NIOX, and condensate was collected using a glass condenser. In CF interferon (IFN‐γ) and nitrite concentrations were significantly higher, whereas exhaled nitric oxide levels were significantly lower compared with controls (3.3 ± 0.3 pg/ml, 2.2 ± 0.2 μ m , 10.0 ± 1.2 p.p.b. vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 pg/ml, 1.4 ± 0.1 μ m , 15.4 ± 1.4 p.p.b. respectively). Using multivariate logistic regression models, the presence of CF was best indicated by 8‐isoprostane, nitrite and IFN‐γ [sensitivity 78%, specificity 83%; area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.906, p < 0.001]. An exacerbation of CF was best indicated by 8‐isoprostane and nitrite (sensitivity 40%, specificity 97%, AUC curve 0.838, p = 0.009). Most indicative biomarkers of CF severity were exhaled nitric oxide, and condensate acidity (sensitivity 96%, specificity 67%; AUC curve 0.751, p = 0.008). In this cross‐sectional study, the combination of different exhaled IM could indicate (exacerbations of) CF, and severity of the disease in children. Longitudinal data are necessary to further confirm the role of these markers for the management of CF in children.