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Parent of origin effects
Author(s) -
Guilmatre A,
Sharp AJ
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
clinical genetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.543
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1399-0004
pISSN - 0009-9163
DOI - 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01790.x
Subject(s) - biology , inheritance (genetic algorithm) , multifactorial inheritance , genetics , heritability , missing heritability problem , allele , evolutionary biology , disease , genome , genetic association , genome wide association study , gene , genetic variants , medicine , single nucleotide polymorphism , genotype , pathology
Guilmatre A, Sharp AJ. Parent of origin effects. A major weakness of most genome‐wide association studies has been their inability to fully explain the heritable component of complex disease. Nearly all such studies consider the two parental alleles to be functionally equivalent. However, the existence of imprinted genes demonstrates that this assumption can be wrong. In this review, we describe a wide variety of different mechanisms that underlie many other parent of origin and trans‐generational effects that are known to operate in both humans and model organisms, suggesting that these phenomena are perhaps not uncommon in the genome. We propose that the consideration of alternative models of inheritance will improve our understanding of the heritability and causes of human traits and could have significant impacts on the study of complex disorders.