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Interactive effects of chronic cigarette smoking and age on brain volumes in controls and alcohol‐dependent individuals in early abstinence
Author(s) -
Durazzo Timothy C.,
Mon Anderson,
Pennington David,
Abé Christoph,
Gazdzinski Stefan,
Meyerhoff Dieter J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
addiction biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.445
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1369-1600
pISSN - 1355-6215
DOI - 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00492.x
Subject(s) - inferior parietal lobule , precuneus , atrophy , putamen , brain size , abstinence , psychology , parahippocampal gyrus , craving , medicine , magnetic resonance imaging , neuroscience , cardiology , functional magnetic resonance imaging , addiction , psychiatry , temporal lobe , radiology , epilepsy
Chronic alcohol‐use disorders ( AUD s) have been shown to interact with normal age‐related volume loss to exacerbate brain atrophy with increasing age. However, chronic cigarette smoking, a highly co‐morbid condition in AUD and its influence on age‐related brain atrophy have not been evaluated. We performed 1.5 T quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in non‐smoking controls [non‐smoking light drinking controls ( nsCON s); n = 54], smoking light drinking controls ( sCON s, n = 34), and one‐week abstinent, treatment‐seeking alcohol‐dependent (ALC) non‐smokers ( nsALC s, n = 35) and smokers ( sALC s, n = 43), to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of alcohol dependence and chronic smoking on regional cortical and subcortical brain volumes, emphasizing the brain reward/executive oversight system ( BREOS ). The nsCON s and sALC s showed greater age‐related volume losses than the nsALC s in the dorsal prefrontal cortex ( DPFC ), total cortical BREOS , superior parietal lobule and putamen. The nsALC s and sALC s demonstrated smaller volumes than the nsCON s in most cortical region of interests ( ROI s). The sCON s had smaller volumes than the nsCON s in the DPFC , insula, inferior parietal lobule, temporal pole/parahippocampal region and all global cortical measures. The nsALC s and sALC s had smaller volumes than the sCON s in the DPFC , superior temporal gyrus, inferior and superior parietal lobules, precuneus and all global cortical measures. Volume differences between the nsALC s and sALC s were observed only in the putamen. Alcohol consumption measures were not related to volumes in any ROI for ALC ; smoking severity measures were related to corpus callosum volume in the sCON s and sALC s. The findings indicate that consideration of smoking status is necessary for a better understanding of the factors contributing to regional brain atrophy in AUD .