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Effects of shading and soybean Glycine max (L.) interference on Solanum ptycanthum (Dun.) (eastern black nightshade) growth and development
Author(s) -
STOLLER E. W.,
MYERS R. A.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
weed research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.693
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1365-3180
pISSN - 0043-1737
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1989.tb01300.x
Subject(s) - shoot , anthesis , berry , shading , horticulture , biology , abscission , solanum , weed , botany , agronomy , cultivar , art , visual arts
Summary.Solanum ptycanthum (Dun.) vegetative and reproductive growth was evaluated under shade and in the field with soybean interference. In full sunlight without soybean interference, a S. ptycanthum plant produced 243 g shoots and 5957 berries in 20 weeks, but only 38 g and 576 berries in 11 weeks. Plants grown in 94% shade produced 3 g of shoots and 23 berries in 20 weeks, and 1 g and 1 berry in 11 weeks. S. ptycanthum plants that emerged with the soybeans and were positioned between 75‐cm rows produced 43 g shoots and 264 berries, whereas plants positioned in 75‐cm rows and emerging 6 weeks after the soybeans produced 1 g and 16 berries. When grown between 37·5‐cm rows for the same period of time this weed produced 12 g and 2 berries plant −1 ; plants positioned in 37·5‐cm rows produced shoots less than 1 g in weight and one berry plant −1 . Shoot growth and berry production of S. ptycanthum increased from 80 to 200% in a 2‐week period between the initiation of soybean leaf abscission and maturity. In a season about 50 000 seeds weed −1 were produced in full sunlight; 20 000 or less were produced under soybean interference. When grown in irradiance levels from full sunlight to 94% shade, viable seeds were first detected 10 days after anthesis and essentially all seeds in the berry were viable 24 days after anthesis