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Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein: epidemiological variations among field isolates prevalent in India
Author(s) -
Singh J. P. N.,
Verma S.,
Bhattacharya P. R.,
Srivastava N.,
Dash A. P.,
Biswas S.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
tropical medicine and international health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.056
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1365-3156
pISSN - 1360-2276
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02314.x
Subject(s) - circumsporozoite protein , plasmodium falciparum , biology , antigenic variation , malaria , genotype , virology , epitope , genetic variation , genetics , molecular epidemiology , genetic diversity , parasite hosting , antigen , population , immunology , gene , medicine , environmental health , world wide web , computer science
Summary Objective To investigate the extent of genetic variations in T‐helper‐cell epitopic regions of circumsporozoite (CS) protein in Plasmodium falciparum field isolates collected from different regions of India at different phases of malaria transmission. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from 507 P. falciparum wild‐parasite isolates obtained from six geographical locations of India at three time points coinciding with malaria transmissions. The T‐helper‐cell epitopic regions were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified and the products were purified and then sequenced. Results Based on sequences, nine variants were found among isolates and they were categorized into nine groups (V‐1 to V‐9), where V‐1 and V‐2 were observed in all three time points (TP). The variants V‐1 to V‐4 in TP‐1; V‐1, V‐2, V‐5 to V‐8 in TP‐2; and V‐1, V‐2, V‐5 and V‐9 in TP‐3 were present and they showed restricted heterogeneity. During peak transmission (TP‐2), parasite populations were more diverse and heterogeneous and the variants regionally unbiased and restricted. However, the alleles of V‐6 and V‐9 in both Th2R and Th3R showed identical sequence variation with those observed in other geographical regions of the world. The remaining seven groups did not show such similarity. Conclusion The Th2R and Th3R epitopes are implicated in host immune response to P. falciparum . The polymorphism in these epitopic regions indicates antigenic diversity, which may cause adverse outcome of a subunit vaccine including the CS prototype variant. Therefore, the formulation of a vaccine considering the restricted local repertoire parasite populations may be helpful.