Premium
Asociación entre los síntomas de infección del tracto respiratorio y la humedad del aire con el ser portador de meningococo en Burkina Faso
Author(s) -
Mueller Judith E.,
Yaro Seydou,
Madec Yoann,
Somda Paulin K.,
Idohou Régina S.,
Njanpop Lafourcade BertheMarie,
Drabo Aly,
Tarnagda Zekiba,
Sangaré Lassana,
Traoré Yves,
Fontanet Arnaud,
Gessner Bradford D.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
tropical medicine and international health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.056
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1365-3156
pISSN - 1360-2276
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02165.x
Subject(s) - carriage , medicine , meningitis , epidemiology , respiratory tract infections , population , odds ratio , logistic regression , pediatrics , respiratory system , environmental health , pathology
Summary Objectives To evaluate risk factors for meningococcal carriage and carriage acquisition in the African meningitis belt, comparing epidemic serogroup A (NmA) to non‐epidemic serogroups. Methods During the non‐epidemic meningitis season of 2003, pharyngeal swabs were taken at five monthly visits in a representative population sample (N = 488) of Bobo‐Dioulasso, Burkina Faso (age 4–29 years) and analysed by culture. Standardized questionnaires were administered. In 2006, a similar study was performed in 624 individuals (age 1–39 years) during an NmA meningitis epidemic. We evaluated serogroup‐specific risk factors for carriage, carriage acquisition and clearance using multivariate logistic and Poisson regression, and a Cox proportional hazard model. Results The prevalence of NmA carriage (current or recent pharyngitis or rhinitis) was 16% (31%) vs. 0% (9%) in the epidemic vs. the hyperendemic setting. During the epidemic situation, NmA carriage was significantly associated with recent sore throat (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 3.41) and current rhinitis (OR 2.65). During the non‐epidemic meningitis season in 2003, air humidity (20–39% and ≥40%, compared to <20%) during the month before swabbing was significantly and positively associated with carriage acquisition of non‐groupable meningococci (OR 2.18 and 1.55) and inversely with carriage clearance (hazard ratio 0.61 and 0.27, respectively). Conclusion Respiratory tract infections may increase meningococcal carriage, and thus contribute to epidemic risk, in addition to seasonality in the meningitis belt. Humid climate may favour carriage of unencapsulated meningococci. These findings may help identifying interventions against epidemic and hyperendemic meningococcal meningitis due to non‐vaccine serogroups.