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ATR and ATM play both distinct and additive roles in response to ionizing radiation
Author(s) -
Culligan Kevin M.,
Robertson Clare E.,
Foreman Julia,
Doerner Peter,
Britt Anne B.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02931.x
Subject(s) - biology , dna damage , mutant , downregulation and upregulation , gene , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , arabidopsis , dna
Summary The ATR and ATM protein kinases are known to be involved in a wide variety of responses to DNA damage. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome includes both ATR and ATM orthologs, and plants with null alleles of these genes are viable. Arabidopsis atr and atm mutants display hypersensitivity to γ ‐irradiation. To further characterize the roles of ATM and ATR in response to ionizing radiation, we performed a short‐term global transcription analysis in wild‐type and mutant lines. We found that hundreds of genes are upregulated in response to γ ‐irradiation, and that the induction of virtually all of these genes is dependent on ATM , but not ATR . The transcript of C YCB1;1 is unique among the cyclin transcripts in being rapidly and powerfully upregulated in response to ionizing radiation, while other G 2 ‐associated transcripts are suppressed. We found that both ATM and ATR contribute to the induction of a CYCB1;1:GUS fusion by IR, but only ATR is required for the persistence of this response. We propose that this upregulation of CYCB1;1 does not reflect the accumulation of cells in G 2 , but instead reflects a still unknown role for this cyclin in DNA damage response.