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An evolutionarily conserved translation initiation mechanism regulates nuclear or mitochondrial targeting of DNA ligase 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Author(s) -
Sunderland Paul A.,
West Christopher E.,
Waterworth Wanda M.,
Bray Clifford M.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02791.x
Subject(s) - biology , five prime untranslated region , gene isoform , genetics , untranslated region , microbiology and biotechnology , start codon , eukaryotic translation , translation (biology) , messenger rna , gene
Summary The Arabidopsis DNA ligase 1 gene (At LIG1 ) is indispensable for cell viability. At LIG1 expresses one major and two minor mRNA transcripts differing only in the length of the 5′ untranslated leader sequences preceding a common ORF. Control of AtLIG1 isoform production and intracellular targeting depends upon mechanisms controlling the choice of translation initiation site within the At LIG1 ORF. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of green fluorescent protein‐tagged AtLIG1 isoforms expressed in Arabidopsis revealed that translation of At LIG1 mRNA transcripts from the first in‐frame start codon produces an AtLIG1 isoform that is targeted exclusively to the mitochondria. Translation initiation from the second in‐frame start codon produces an AtLIG1 isoform targeted only to the nucleus. There is no evidence for AtLIG1–GFP being targeted to chloroplasts. The mitochondrial AtLIG1 isoform possesses both an N‐terminal mitochondrial‐targeting signal and an internal bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) yet is targeted only to mitochondria, demonstrating a hierarchical dominance of the mitochondrial presequence over the NLS. The length of the 5′‐UTR and more significantly the nucleotide context around alternative start codons in the At LIG1 transcripts affect translation initiation to ensure a balanced synthesis of both nuclear and mitochondrial AtLIG1 isoforms, probably via a context‐dependent leaky ribosome scanning mechanism.