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Why do continents break‐up parallel to ancient orogenic belts?
Author(s) -
Vauchez A.,
Barruol G.,
Tommasi A.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
terra nova
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.353
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-3121
pISSN - 0954-4879
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1997.tb00003.x
Subject(s) - lithosphere , geology , mantle (geology) , tectonics , rift , seismic anisotropy , olivine , anisotropy , petrology , geophysics , seismology , geochemistry , quantum mechanics , physics
The frequently observed parallelism between rifts and the preexisting orogenic fabric of continents suggests that the inherited tectonic fabric of the lithosphere influences the rupture of continents. We propose that the existence of a pervasive fabric in the lithospheric mantle induces an anisotropic strength in the lithosphere, that guides the propagation of continental rifts. Subcrustal mantle mechanical anisotropy is supported by (i) the anisotropic strength of olivine, (ii) an ubiquitous tectonic fabric in exposed mantle rocks, and (iii) measurements of seismic and electrical anisotropy. During major episodes of continent assembly, a pervasive deformation of the lithosphere induces a lattice‐preferred orientation of olivine in mantle rocks. Later on, this crystallographic fabric is ‘frozen‐in’ and represents the main source of shear wave splitting. This olivine fabric may entail a mechanical anisotropy in the lithospheric mantle. During subsequent tectonic events, especially during rifting, mechanical anisotropy may control the tectonic behaviour of the lithosphere