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Boloria phylogeny (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): tentatively reconstructed on the basis of male and female genitalic morphology
Author(s) -
Simonsen Thomas J.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
systematic entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.552
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1365-3113
pISSN - 0307-6970
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00292.x
Subject(s) - biology , autapomorphy , monophyly , paraphyly , subgenus , zoology , nymphalidae , phylogenetics , taxon , clade , genus , evolutionary biology , lepidoptera genitalia , botany , genetics , gene
. The phylogeny of Boloria s.l. is reconstructed on the basis of sixty‐three characters from the genital morphology of both sexes of twenty‐nine taxa. Three unique and several homoplasious autapomorphies support the monophyly of Boloria . The genus is divided into two well‐supported clades, one comprising the subgenera Boloria s.str. and Proclossiana and one comprising the subgenus Clossiana . Although the phylogeny of Clossiana remains largely uncertain, perhaps due to a rapid and recent speciation in some groups, it can be divided into two groups. A more subordinate group (the polaris group) appears well supported by a highly specialized phallus. Morphological evidence supports a clade comprising B.(C.) chariclea and both Palaearctic and North American B.(C.) titania populations. Possibly these taxa form a superspecies complex where B.(C.) chariclea is paraphyletic with regard to the different B.(C.) titania populations: molecular studies will be needed to test this hypothesis.