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Immunological Parameters, Including CXCL8 (IL‐8) Characterize Cerebro‐ and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Diseases
Author(s) -
Szomjak E.,
Der H.,
Kerekes G.,
Veres K.,
Csiba L.,
Toth J.,
Peter M.,
Soltesz P.,
Szodoray P.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02368.x
Subject(s) - chemokine , medicine , proinflammatory cytokine , immune system , cytokine , immunology , peripheral , lymphocyte , flow cytometry , inflammation
Abstract The most commonly occurring atherosclerotic manifestations are peripheral artery diseases (PAD). Immune‐mediated processes contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, and affect the diseases outcome. The aim of the present study was to assess various immune‐competent cells, cytokines and chemokines in patients with PAD and to evaluate whether the base immunological values reflect the subsequent development of cardio/cerebrovascular symptoms. One hundred sixty patients with PAD were followed‐up for 42 months. At the time of enrolment, we determined blood lymphocyte subpopulations, both T‐helper (Th)1/Th2‐type intracytoplasmic cytokines and soluble cytokines, chemokines. Intracellular cytokines were measured on phorbol‐myristate‐acetate‐ and ionomycine‐ stimulated cells. Lymphocyte subgroups were quantified by flow cytometry, soluble cytokines by ELISA and intracellular cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry. The ankle‐brachial index (ABI), indicator of atherosclerosis, was also evaluated. The clinical results were correlated with the immune‐parameters to assess the input of immune‐inflammatory events in the propagation of vascular manifestation. CD4 + T‐cell proportions in patients with PAD with cerebro‐ cardio‐vascular manifestations were decreased, which further reduced in patients with fatal outcome. Of circulating chemokines, IL‐8 (CXCL‐8) was increased in patients with subsequent cerebro‐ cardio‐vascular manifestations, compared to those without the symptoms, and further raised in patients with fatal outcome. The percentage of interferon (IFN)‐γ positive cells showed clear negative correlation with ABI. We conclude that altered peripheral lymphocyte subsets and cytokine/chemokine imbalance play important roles in the proinflammatory cascade and reflect disease severity in patients with PAD.