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Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor α, δ, γ1 and γ2 Expressions are Present in Human Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells and Modulate Dendritic Cell Maturation by Addition of Subtype‐Specific Ligands
Author(s) -
Jakobsen M. A.,
Petersen R. K.,
Kristiansen K.,
Lange M.,
Lillevang S. T.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01745.x
Subject(s) - peroxisome , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , receptor , biology , dendritic cell , monocyte , messenger rna , fatty acid , blot , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , immunology , gene , immune system
It has recently been shown by Chang et al . (J Immunol 2000;165:3584–91) that the maturation of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of long‐chain fatty acids redirects DC into Th0/Th2‐inducing cells suggesting the involvement of a receptor for long‐chain fatty acids like members of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) superfamily. Here, we show that immature and mature monocyte‐derived DC (Mo‐DC) express PPARα, PPARδ, PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 mRNA with the highest level of PPARγ1 mRNA. We were only able to observe the expression of PPARγ1 protein by Western blotting probably because the protein level of the other subtypes is below the detection limit. Synthetic ligands specific for PPARα, PPARδ or PPARγ added at day 0–6 have similar effect on the maturation of Mo‐DC driving the maturation of Mo‐DC with atypical phenotype, reduced expression of IL‐10, IL‐12 p35 and IL‐12 p40 mRNA and with reduced stimulatory effects in mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). Our data suggest that naturally occurring PPAR ligands like fatty acids and fatty acid derivates have anti‐inflammatory effects by redirecting DC into a less stimulatory mode.