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High‐Altitude Climate Therapy Reduces Local Airway Inflammation and Modulates Lymphocyte Activation
Author(s) -
Karagiannidis C.,
Hense G.,
Rueckert B.,
Mantel P. Y.,
Ichters B.,
Blaser K.,
Menz G.,
SchmidtWeber C. B.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01739.x
Subject(s) - immunology , foxp3 , inflammation , medicine , effects of high altitude on humans , immune system , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , cd80 , asthma , biology , cytotoxic t cell , cd40 , in vitro , biochemistry , anatomy
High‐altitude climate therapy is a well‐established therapeutic option, which improves clinical symptoms in asthma. However, little is known about the underlying immunological mechanisms. The study investigates the influence of high‐altitude climate therapy on airway inflammation and cellular components of specific and unspecific immune response. Exhaled NO significantly decreased within 3 weeks of therapy in patients with allergic and intrinsic, moderate and severe asthma. Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)‐secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased within 3 weeks of therapy in six of 11 patients, whereas transforming growth factor‐β 1 ‐secreting PBMC remained stable. Furthermore, monocyte activation, assessed by CD80 expression significantly decreased during therapy. The frequency of CRTH2‐expressing T cells decreased, while regulatory T cells (T reg ) remained stable. FOXP3 and GATA‐3 mRNA expression in CD4 + T cells did not change, while interferon‐γ and IL‐13 mRNA expression decreased in eight of 10 patients. The current data demonstrate that high‐altitude climate therapy reduces local airway inflammation. Furthermore, monocytes switch towards a tolerogenic phenotype under high‐altitude climate therapy. The T reg /Th2 ratio increases; however, because of the absence of antigens/allergens, no de novo differentiation of Th2 nor T reg cells is observed. The high‐altitude climate therapy therefore may form the immunological basis for the endogenous control of allergen‐driven diseases.