The influence of eclosion timing on winter survival and triacylglycerol accumulation in four temperate species of Drosophila

. Diapause incidence, winter survival and triacylglycerol content were studied in temperate species of Drosophila by outdoor rearing in Sapporo (a cool‐temperate region), northern Japan. In strains of D.subauraria and D.triauraria (cool‐temperate species) from northern Japan, diapause was induced in adults having eclosed after early September, but in those having eclosed after mid October in strains of D.rufa and D.lutescens (warm‐temperate species) from southern Japan. A subtropical strain of D.triauraria did not enter diapause. In the strains of cool‐temperate species from northern Japan, about 70% survived until spring when eclosed in mid autumn, whereas when eclosed earlier and later flies had a lower ability to overwinter. The warm‐temperate species and a subtropical strain of D.triauraria also survived longer when eclosed in mid autumn than when eclosed later, but they were unable to survive until spring. The triacylglycerol content was higher in the cool‐temperate species from northern Japan than in the warm‐temperate species and a subtropical strain of D.trauraria. In each species the triacylglycerol content of adults was higher when they eclosed in early and mid than in late autumn. It is assumed that triacylglycerol plays an important role in overwintering of these Drosophila species and the low triacylglycerol level is the primary cause of the low overwintering capacity of individuals eclosing in late autumn.