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Protein kinase c modulates NMDA receptors in the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum during in vitro ischemia and reperfusion
Author(s) -
Giaroni C.,
Zanetti E.,
Giuliani D.,
Oldrini R.,
Marchet S.,
Moro E.,
Borroni P.,
Trinchera M.,
Crema F.,
Lecchini S.,
Frigo G.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
neurogastroenterology and motility
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.489
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1365-2982
pISSN - 1350-1925
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01644.x
Subject(s) - myenteric plexus , nmda receptor , enteric nervous system , protein kinase c , biology , glutamate receptor , chelerythrine , receptor , endocrinology , medicine , long term depression , pharmacology , biochemistry , kinase , ampa receptor , immunology , immunohistochemistry
Background Ischemic episodes lead to profound functional and structural alterations of the gastrointestinal tract which may contribute to disorders of intestinal motility. Enhancement of glutamate overflow and the consequent activation of NMDA ( N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate) receptors may participate to such changes by modulating different enteric neurotransmitter systems, including cholinergic motor pathways. Methods The molecular mechanism/s underlying activation of NMDA receptors in the guinea pig ileum were investigated after glucose/oxygen deprivation ( in vitro ischemia) and during reperfusion. Key Results The number of ileal myenteric neurons positive for NR1, the functional subunit of NMDA receptors, and its mRNA levels were unchanged after in vitro ischemia/reperfusion. In these conditions, the protein levels of NR1, and of its phosphorylated form by protein kinase C (PKC), significantly increased in myenteric neurons, whereas, the levels of NR1 phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) did not change, with respect to control values. Spontaneous glutamate overflow increased during in vitro ischemia/reperfusion. In these conditions, the NMDA receptor antagonists, d (‐)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid [( d )‐AP5] (10 μmol L −1 ) and 5,7‐dichlorokynurenic acid (5,7‐diClKyn acid) (10 μmol L −1 ) and the PKC antagonist, chelerythrine (1 μmol L −1 ), but not the PKA antagonist, H‐89 (1 μmol L −1 ), were able to significantly depress the increased glutamate efflux. Conclusions & Inferences The present data suggest that in the guinea pig ileum during in vitro ischemia/reperfusion, NR1 protein levels increase. Such event may rely upon posttranscriptional events involving NR1 phosphorylation by PKC. Increased NR1 levels may, at least in part, explain the ability of NMDA receptors to modulate a positive feedback on ischemia/reperfusion‐induced glutamate overflow.