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A likelihood‐based comparison of population histories in a parasitoid guild
Author(s) -
Lohse Konrad,
Barton Nicholas H.,
Melika George,
Stone Graham N.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05700.x
Subject(s) - guild , biology , ecology , population , intraspecific competition , parasitoid , trophic level , divergence (linguistics) , demographic history , phylogeography , evolutionary biology , phylogenetic tree , genetic variation , demography , host (biology) , habitat , linguistics , philosophy , biochemistry , sociology , gene
Little is known about the stability of trophic relationships in complex natural communities over evolutionary timescales. Here, we use sequence data from 18 nuclear loci to reconstruct and compare the intraspecific histories of major Pleistocene refugial populations in the Middle East, the Balkans and Iberia in a guild of four Chalcid parasitoids ( Cecidostiba fungosa , Cecidostiba semifascia , Hobbya stenonota and Mesopolobus amaenus ) all attacking Cynipid oak galls. We develop a likelihood method to numerically estimate models of divergence between three populations from multilocus data. We investigate the power of this framework on simulated data, and—using triplet alignments of intronic loci—quantify the support for all possible divergence relationships between refugial populations in the four parasitoids. Although an East to West order of population divergence has highest support in all but one species, we cannot rule out alternative population tree topologies. Comparing the estimated times of population splits between species, we find that one species, M. amaenus , has a significantly older history than the rest of the guild and must have arrived in central Europe at least one glacial cycle prior to other guild members. This suggests that although all four species may share a common origin in the East, they expanded westwards into Europe at different times.