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Are Antarctic minke whales unusually abundant because of 20th century whaling?
Author(s) -
RUEGG KRISTEN C.,
ANDERSON ERIC C.,
SCOTT BAKER C.,
VANT MURDOCH,
JACKSON JENNIFER A.,
PALUMBI STEPHEN R.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
molecular ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.619
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1365-294X
pISSN - 0962-1083
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04447.x
Subject(s) - minke whale , whaling , biology , coalescent theory , krill , population , balaenoptera , fishery , population size , ecology , whale , demography , phylogenetics , biochemistry , sociology , gene
Severe declines in megafauna worldwide illuminate the role of top predators in ecosystem structure. In the Antarctic, the Krill Surplus Hypothesis posits that the killing of more than 2 million large whales led to competitive release for smaller krill‐eating species like the Antarctic minke whale. If true, the current size of the Antarctic minke whale population may be unusually high as an indirect result of whaling. Here, we estimate the long‐term population size of the Antarctic minke whale prior to whaling by sequencing 11 nuclear genetic markers from 52 modern samples purchased in Japanese meat markets. We use coalescent simulations to explore the potential influence of population substructure and find that even though our samples are drawn from a limited geographic area, our estimate reflects ocean‐wide genetic diversity. Using Bayesian estimates of the mutation rate and coalescent‐based analyses of genetic diversity across loci, we calculate the long‐term population size of the Antarctic minke whale to be 670 000 individuals (95% confidence interval: 374 000–1 150 000). Our estimate of long‐term abundance is similar to, or greater than, contemporary abundance estimates, suggesting that managing Antarctic ecosystems under the assumption that Antarctic minke whales are unusually abundant is not warranted.